Hannibal Hamlin Garland (September 14, 1860 – March 4, 1940) was an American novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his fiction involving hard-working Midwestern farmers.Hannibal Hamlin Garland was born on a farm near West Salem, Wisconsin, on September 14, 1860, the second of four children of Richard Garlin of Maine and Charlotte Isabelle McClintock. The boy was named after Hannibal Hamlin, then candidate for vice-president under Abraham Lincoln. He lived on various Midwestern farms throughout his young life, but settled in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1884 to pursue a career in writing. He read diligently in the public library there. His first success came in 1891 with Main-Traveled Roads, a collection of short stories inspired by his days on the farm. He serialized a biography of Ulysses S. Grant in McClure's Magazine before publishing it as a book in 1898. The same year, Garland traveled to the Yukon to witness the Klondike Gold Rush, which inspired The Trail of the Gold Seekers (1899). He lived on a farm between Osage, and St. Ansgar, Iowa for quite some time. Many of his writings are based on this era of his life.
A prolific writer, Garland continued to publish novels, short fiction, and essays. In 1917, he published his autobiography, A Son of the Middle Border. The book's success prompted a sequel, A Daughter of the Middle Border, for which Garland won the 1922 Pulitzer Prize for Biography. After two more volumes, Garland began a second series of memoirs based on his diary. Garland naturally became quite well known during his lifetime and had many friends in literary circles. He was made a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1918.
After moving to Hollywood, California, in 1929, he devoted his remaining years to investigating psychic phenomena, an enthusiasm he first undertook in 1891. In his final book, The Mystery of the Buried Crosses (1939), he tried to defend such phenomena and prove the legitimacy of psychic mediums.
A friend, Lee Shippey, columnist for the Los Angeles Times, recalled Garland's regular system of writing:
. . . he got up at half past five, brewed a pot of coffee and made toast on an electric gadget in his study and was at work by six. At nine o'clock he was through with work for the day. Then he breakfasted, read the morning paper and attended to his personal mail. . . . After luncheon he and Mrs. Garland would take a long drive . . . . Sometimes they would drop in on Will Rogers, Will Durant, Robert Benchley or even on me, for their range of friends was very wide. . . . After dinner they would go to a show if an exceptionally good one were in town, otherwise one of their daughters would read aloud.
Garland died at age 79, at his home in Hollywood on March 4, 1940. A memorial service was held three days later near his home in Glendale, California. His ashes were buried in Neshonoc Cemetery in West Salem, Wisconsin on March 14; his poem "The Cry of the Age" was read by Reverend John B. Fritz.
The Hamlin Garland House in West Salem is a historical site.
Bibliography
Middle Border Series
- A Son of the Middle Border (1917)
- A Daughter of the Middle Border (1921)
- Trail-Makers of the Middle Border (1926)
- Back-Trailers from the Middle Border (1928)
Memoirs
- Roadside Meetings (1930)
- Companions on the Trail (1931)
- My Friendly Contemporaries (1932)
- Afternoon Neighbors (1934)
Other works
- Main-Travelled Roads (1891)
- Jason Edwards (1892)
- A Member of the Third House (1892)
- A Little Norsk (1892)
- A Spoil of Office (1892)
- Prairie Folks (1893)
- Prairie Songs (1893)
- Crumbling Idols (1894)
- Rose of Dutcher's Coolly (1895)
- Wayside Courtships (1897)
- The Spirit of Sweetwater (1898)
- Ulysses S. Grant: His Life and Character (1898)
- Boy Life on the Prairie (1899)
- The Trail of the Gold Seekers (1899)
- The Eagle's Heart (1900)
- Her Mountain Lover (1901)
- The Captain of the Gray-Horse Troop (1902)
- Hesper (1903)
- The Light of the Star (1904)
- The Tyranny of the Dark (1905)
- Witch's Gold (1906)
- The Long Trail (1907)
- Money Magic (1907)
- The Shadow World (1908)
- The Moccasin Ranch (1909)
- Cavanagh, Forest Ranger (1910)
- Other Main-Travelled Roads (1910)
- Victor Ollnee's Discipline (1911)
- The Forester's Daughter (1914)
- They of the High Trails (1916)
- A Pioneer Mother (1922)
- The Book of the American Indian (1923)
- The Westward March of American Settlement (1927)
- Prairie Song and Western Story (1928)
- Iowa, O Iowa (1935)
- Joys of the Trail (1935)
- Forty Years of Psychic Research (1936)
- The Mystery of the Buried Crosses (1939)
