Also called Sarah Hopkins Winnemucca or Sally Winnemucca , original name Thoc-me-tony, Thocmectony , or Tocmectone (“Shell Flower”):
Educator, interpreter, and writer. Born around 1844 near Humboldt Lake, Nevada. A member of the Northern Paiutes, Sarah Winnemucca was a Native American activist in the 1800s. She excelled at languages and served as an interpreter for the U.S. Army in 1860s and 1870s. Hoping that her work to help her people, Winnemucca was disappointed by the treatment she and other Paiutes received at the hands of the government after the Bannock War ended.
The daughter of a chief, Sarah Winnemucca campaigned vigorously for a suitable home for her people. She toured the country, giving lectures to drum up support for her cause. While Winnemucca was unsuccessful in her efforts, she did help preserve the history and culture of her people by writing her autobiography, Life Among the Paiutes, in 1883. Having spent some time as a teacher earlier in her life. she helped establish a school for Native American children in Nevada the following year. Unfortunately the school later closed because of insufficient funds.
Married three times, Sarah Winnemucca wed her first husband, Edward Bartlett, a lieutenant, in 1871. She then married Joseph Satwaller in 1878. Her last husband was Lewis H. Hopkins. The couple married in 1881 and stayed together until Hopkins’ death in 1887. Winnemucca died on October 16, 1891.
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